Misi Kristen di Indonesia: Kesaksian Kristen Protestan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v2i2.21Abstrak
ABSTRACT: In this article, the writer reveals the presence and struggles of Protestant churches in Indonesia doing God's mission within world's largest Muslim population country. Firstly, the writer explains the challenges and strives of Protestant churches since the time of Dutch colonialism, Japanese colonization, until Indonesian independence which includes the Old Order and the New Order. This article also highlights Indonesian churches’ struggle of independence to release themselves from the control of Dutch government, fully leaning to Christ, as well as the strategic role of Christianity in preventing nation’s disintegration to make Indonesia one. After that, the writer then performs critical reflection on the struggles of Protestant churches in Indonesia from the perspective of Reformed theology. The writer found that the presence of Christian mission in Indonesia is far from the force of arms and economic greed. However, churches in Indonesia cannot detach themselves from various challenges and suffering in God's mission which includes Evangelical Mandate and Cultural Mandate. Therefore, while they are still entrusted by Christ, churches in Indonesia ought to perform their dutiful calling faithfully and joyfully. KEYWORDS: God's mission, witness, evangelism, protestant church in Indonesia, ideology, religion-state relation, mission's institution
Statistik
Referensi
Th. Müller Krűger, ed., Indonesia Raja (Bad Salzuflen: MBK-Verlag, 1966)
T.B. Simatupang, “Doing Theology in Indonesia Today”, CTC Bulletin 3, no. 2 (Agustus 1982): 22.
T.B. Simatupang, “Dynamics for Creative Maturity”, dalam Asian Voices in Christian Theology, ed. Gerald H. Anderson (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1976), 91.
Karel Steenbrink, “The Arrival of Protestantism and the Consolidation of Christianity in the Moluccas 1605-1800” dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008).
Gerry van Klinken, Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation: Christians in Indonesia, a Biographical Approach (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2003).
John Titaley, “From Abandonment to Blessing: the Theological Presence of Christianity in Indonesia”, dalam Christian Theology in Asia, ed., Sebastian C.H. Kim (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
John M. Prior and Alle Hoekema, “Theological Thinking by Indonesian Christians 1850-2000”, dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008).
T.B. Simatupang, “Christian Presence in War, Revolution and Development: The Indonesian Case”, The Ecumenical Review 37, no. 1 (Januari 1985): 79.
Th. Müller Krűger, “Theologia in loco”, dalam Basilea (Walter Freitag zum 60. Geburtstag) eds. Jan Hermelink dan Jochen Margull (Stuttgart: Evangelischer Missionsverlag, 1959), 313-25. Dikutip dari Simatupang, “Dynamics for Creative Maturity”, 116.
Harvie M. Conn, Doing Justice and Preaching Grace (Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992).
Th. van den End, “1800-2005: A National Overview. The Colonial Era: 1800-1900” dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008), 137.
Th. van den End, “1800-2005: A National Overview. The Last Decades of the Colonial Era: 1900-1942” dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008), 167.
Th. Müller Krűger, “Theologische Opleiding in Indie”, De Opwekker 82 (1937): 317-334. Dikutip dari Prior and Hoekema, “Theological Thinking”, 758.
T.S.G. Moelia, Het Primitieve Denken in de Moderne Wetenschap (Groningen/Den Haag/Batavia: Wolters, 1933). Dikutip dari Klinken, Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation, 262.
Ernst Troeltsch, The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches, vol. 1 (New York: Harper & Row, 1960).
Lihat Lamin Sanneh, Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 2009).
Th. van den End, “1800-2005: A National Overview. Indonesian Christianity during the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945” dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008).
B.J. Boland, The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971).
Deliar Noer, Partai Islam di Pentas Nasional, 1945-1965 (Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1987).
Jan S. Aritonang, “1800-2005: A National Overview. Independent Indonesia (1945-2005)” dalam A History of Christianity in Indonesia, eds. Jan Sihar Aritonang dan Karel Steenbrink (Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill, 2008)
J.W.M. Bakker, “De Godsdienstvrijheid in De Indonesische Grondwetten,” Het Missiewerk no.4 (1956): 215. Dikutip dari Boland, The Struggle of Islam.
Clifford Geertz, The Religion of Java (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976).
Niels Mulder, Mysticism and Everyday Life in Contemporary Java: Cultural Persistence and Change (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1978).
Greg Barton, “Islam and Politics in the New Indonesia” dalam Islam in Asia: Changing Political Realities, eds., Jason F. Isaacson dan Colin Rubenstein (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2002).
Benedict R. O’G. Anderson, Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990).
Angkatan Baru, January 23, 1969. Dikutip dari Allan Arnold Samson, “Islam and Politics in Indonesia” (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley, 1972).
T.B. Simatupang, The Fallacy of a Myth (Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1995).
Weinata Sairin, ed., Himpunan Peraturan di bidang Keagamaan (Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1996).
Ramlan Surbakti, “Interrelation between Religious and Political Power under New Order Indonesia” (Ph.D. diss., Northern Illinois University, 1991).
Avery T. Willis, Indonesian Revival: Why Two Millions came to Christ (Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1977).
John Stott, Christian Mission in the Modern World (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2008).
J. Herman Bavinck, An Introduction to the Science of Missions (Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992).
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2015 Reformed Center for Religion and Society
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
